60 research outputs found
Vibrational properties of hexagonal LiBC: Infrared and Raman spectroscopy
The paper presents infrared reflectivity and micro-Raman scattering spectra
of LiBC powder pellets. The experiment allowed assignment of frequencies of all
infrared and Raman active zone center modes. Results are compared with
available ab-initio calculations; prediction of large Born effective charges on
the nodes of B-C graphene sheets is confirmed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures (change: Fig 2 replaced
Transverse optical Josephson plasmons, equations of motion
A detailed calculation is presented of the dielectric function in
superconducttors consisting of two Josephson coupled superconducting layers per
unit cell, taking into account the effect of finite compressibility of the
electron fluid. From the model it follows, that two longitudinal, and one
transverse optical Josephson plasma resonance exist in these materials, for
electric field polarization perpendicular to the planes. The latter mode
appears as a resonance in the transverse dielectric function, and it couples
directly to the electrical field vector of infrared radiation. A shift of all
plasma frequencies, and a reduction of the intensity of the transverse optical
Josephson plasmon is shown to result from the finite compressibility of the
electron fluid.Comment: 17 pages, ReVTeX, 7 figures in eps forma
Observation of the Transverse Optical Plasmon in SmLa0.8Sr0.2CuO4-d
We present microwave and infrared measurements on SmLa0.8Sr0.2CuO4-d, which
are direct evidence for the existence of a transverse optical plasma mode,
observed as a peak in the c-axis optical conductivity. This mode appears as a
consequence of the existence of two different intrinsic Josephson couplings
between the CuO2 layers, one with a Sm2O2 block layer, and the other one with a
(La,Sr)O block layer. From the frequencies and the intensities of the
collective modes we determine the value of the compressibility of the two
dimensional electron fluid in the copper oxygen planes.Comment: REVTeX, 4 pages, 5 eps-figures, PRL, in pres
Control of antiferromagnetic spin axis orientation in bilayer Fe/CuMnAs films
Using x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism techniques, we demonstrate a collinear exchange coupling between an epitaxial antiferromagnet, tetragonal CuMnAs, and an Fe surface layer. A small uncompensated Mn magnetic moment is observed which is antiparallel to the Fe magnetization. The staggered magnetization of the 5 nm thick CuMnAs layer is rotatable under small magnetic fields, due to the interlayer exchange coupling. This allows us to obtain the x-ray magnetic linear dichroism spectra for different crystalline orientations of CuMnAs in the (001) plane. This is a key parameter for enabling the understanding of domain structures in CuMnAs imaged using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism microscopy techniques
Superconductivity-induced Resonance Raman Scattering in Multi-layer High-Tc Superconductors
Resonant Raman scattering below Tc has been discovered in several Bi-, Hg-,
Tl-based high-Tc superconductors with three or four CuO2-layers. For
Bi2Si2Ca2Cu3O10+d, we found an unexpected crossover of the pair-breaking peak
in the A1g-spectrum from a broad bump at hw = 6kBTc for Eexc = 2.54eV to a
sharp peak at hw = 8kBTc for Eexc = 2.18eV, together with a strong enhancement
of the Ca-phonons. Under resonant conditions, the relative positions of the
pair breaking peaks in A1g, B1g, and B2g channels are 2Delta(A1g) = 2Delta(B1g)
> 2Delta(B2g). This relation implies that the A1g Raman channel is free from
the Coulomb screening effect, just as predicted theoretically for a d-wave
multi-layer superconductor but have never been observed experimentally thus
far. The observed resonance effect is the evidence that the electronic state in
the inner CuO2-planes is different from that of the outer CuO2-planes.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. submitted to Phys.Rev.
Uncovering Ecosystem Service Bundles through Social Preferences
Ecosystem service assessments have increasingly been used to support environmental management policies, mainly based on biophysical and economic indicators. However, few studies have coped with the social-cultural dimension of ecosystem services, despite being considered a research priority. We examined how ecosystem service bundles and trade-offs emerge from diverging social preferences toward ecosystem services delivered by various types of ecosystems in Spain. We conducted 3,379 direct face-to-face questionnaires in eight different case study sites from 2007 to 2011. Overall, 90.5% of the sampled population recognized the ecosystem’s capacity to deliver services. Formal studies, environmental behavior, and gender variables influenced the probability of people recognizing the ecosystem’s capacity to provide services. The ecosystem services most frequently perceived by people were regulating services; of those, air purification held the greatest importance. However, statistical analysis showed that socio-cultural factors and the conservation management strategy of ecosystems (i.e., National Park, Natural Park, or a non-protected area) have an effect on social preferences toward ecosystem services. Ecosystem service trade-offs and bundles were identified by analyzing social preferences through multivariate analysis (redundancy analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). We found a clear trade-off among provisioning services (and recreational hunting) versus regulating services and almost all cultural services. We identified three ecosystem service bundles associated with the conservation management strategy and the rural-urban gradient. We conclude that socio-cultural preferences toward ecosystem services can serve as a tool to identify relevant services for people, the factors underlying these social preferences, and emerging ecosystem service bundles and trade-offs
Optical properties of N-propylquinolinium(TCNQ)2 through the phase transition
We have investigated the infrared and optical reflectivity of a single crystal of Npropylquinolinium(
TCNQ)2, a salt containing TCNQ tetramers. For light polarized along
the chain axis, the spectra show a change below the 220 K phase transition: the vibrational
lines split into doublets. These findings are in contradiction with the crystal structure, where
tetramers become more uniform upon cooling and no intermolecular charge redistribution is
found
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